Source code for pints.toy._stochastic_degradation_model
#
# Stochastic degradation toy model.
#
# This file is part of PINTS (https://github.com/pints-team/pints/) which is
# released under the BSD 3-clause license. See accompanying LICENSE.md for
# copyright notice and full license details.
#
import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
import pints
from . import ToyModel
[docs]class StochasticDegradationModel(pints.ForwardModel, ToyModel):
r"""
Stochastic degradation model of a single chemical reaction starting from
an initial molecule count :math:`A(0)` and degrading to 0 with a fixed rate
:math:`k`:
.. math::
A \xrightarrow{k} 0
Simulations are performed using Gillespie's algorithm [1]_, [2]_:
1. Sample a random value :math:`r` from a uniform distribution
.. math::
r \sim U(0,1)
2. Calculate the time :math:`\tau` until the next single reaction as
.. math::
\tau = \frac{-\ln(r)}{A(t) k}
3. Update the molecule count :math:`A` at time :math:`t + \tau` as:
.. math::
A(t + \tau) = A(t) - 1
4. Return to step (1) until the molecule count reaches 0
The model has one parameter, the rate constant :math:`k`.
Extends :class:`pints.ForwardModel`, :class:`pints.toy.ToyModel`.
Parameters
----------
initial_molecule_count
The initial molecule count :math:`A(0)`.
References
----------
.. [1] A Practical Guide to Stochastic Simulations of Reaction Diffusion
Processes. Erban, Chapman, Maini (2007).
arXiv:0704.1908v2 [q-bio.SC]
https://arxiv.org/abs/0704.1908
.. [2] A general method for numerically simulating the stochastic time
evolution of coupled chemical reactions. Gillespie (1976).
Journal of Computational Physics
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(76)90041-3
"""
def __init__(self, initial_molecule_count=20):
super(StochasticDegradationModel, self).__init__()
self._n0 = float(initial_molecule_count)
if self._n0 < 0:
raise ValueError('Initial molecule count cannot be negative.')
[docs] def n_parameters(self):
""" See :meth:`pints.ForwardModel.n_parameters()`. """
return 1
[docs] def simulate_raw(self, parameters):
"""
Returns raw times, mol counts when reactions occur
"""
parameters = np.asarray(parameters)
if len(parameters) != self.n_parameters():
raise ValueError('This model should have only 1 parameter.')
k = parameters[0]
if k <= 0:
raise ValueError('Rate constant must be positive.')
# Initial time and count
t = 0
a = self._n0
# Run stochastic degradation algorithm, calculating time until next
# reaction and decreasing molecule count by 1 at that time
mol_count = [a]
time = [t]
while a > 0:
r = np.random.uniform(0, 1)
t += -np.log(r) / (a * k)
a = a - 1
time.append(t)
mol_count.append(a)
return time, mol_count
[docs] def interpolate_mol_counts(self, time, mol_count, output_times):
"""
Takes raw times and inputs and mol counts and outputs interpolated
values at output_times
"""
# Interpolate as step function, decreasing mol_count by 1 at each
# reaction time point
interp_func = interp1d(time, mol_count, kind='previous')
# Compute molecule count values at given time points using f1
# at any time beyond the last reaction, molecule count = 0
values = interp_func(output_times[np.where(output_times <= time[-1])])
zero_vector = np.zeros(
len(output_times[np.where(output_times > time[-1])])
)
values = np.concatenate((values, zero_vector))
return values
[docs] def simulate(self, parameters, times):
""" See :meth:`pints.ForwardModel.simulate()`. """
times = np.asarray(times)
if np.any(times < 0):
raise ValueError('Negative times are not allowed.')
if self._n0 == 0:
return np.zeros(times.shape)
# run Gillespie
time, mol_count = self.simulate_raw(parameters)
# interpolate
values = self.interpolate_mol_counts(time, mol_count, times)
return values
[docs] def mean(self, parameters, times):
r"""
Returns the deterministic mean of infinitely many stochastic
simulations, which follows :math:`A(0) \exp(-kt)`.
"""
parameters = np.asarray(parameters)
if len(parameters) != self.n_parameters():
raise ValueError('This model should have only 1 parameter.')
k = parameters[0]
if k <= 0:
raise ValueError('Rate constant must be positive.')
times = np.asarray(times)
if np.any(times < 0):
raise ValueError('Negative times are not allowed.')
mean = self._n0 * np.exp(-k * times)
return mean
[docs] def variance(self, parameters, times):
r"""
Returns the deterministic variance of infinitely many stochastic
simulations, which follows :math:`\exp(-2kt)(-1 + \exp(kt))A(0)`.
"""
parameters = np.asarray(parameters)
if len(parameters) != self.n_parameters():
raise ValueError('This model should have only 1 parameter.')
k = parameters[0]
if k <= 0:
raise ValueError('Rate constant must be positive.')
times = np.asarray(times)
if np.any(times < 0):
raise ValueError('Negative times are not allowed.')
variance = np.exp(-2 * k * times) * (-1 + np.exp(k * times)) * self._n0
return variance
[docs] def suggested_parameters(self):
""" See :meth:`pints.toy.ToyModel.suggested_parameters()`. """
return np.array([0.1])
[docs] def suggested_times(self):
""" See "meth:`pints.toy.ToyModel.suggested_times()`."""
return np.linspace(0, 100, 101)